图像处理课件4new.pptVIP

CHAPTER 7 Algebraic Operations Definitions The four algebraic image-processing operations are expressed mathematically as Where A(x,y) and B(x,y) are the input images and C(x,y) is the output image By making suitable combinations, one may form complex algebraic equations involving several images. Uses of Algebraic Operations An important application of image addition is averaging together multiple images of the same scene. This is used frequently and successfully to reduce the effects of additive random noise. Image addition may also be used to superimpose the contents of one image upon another, producing a double-exposure effect. Image Subtraction Image subtraction can be used to remove an undesired additive pattern from an image. This may be a slowly varying background shading pattern, a periodic noise pattern, or any other additive contamination that is known at every point in the image. Subtraction is also useful in detecting changes between two images of the same scene. For example One could detect motion by subtracting sequential images of a scene. Image subtraction is also required to compute the gradient, a useful function for locating edges. Multiplication and division Multiplication and division find less application in digital image processing, but they do have important uses. Both can be used to correct for the effects of a digitizer in which the sensitivity of the light sensor varies from point to point within the image. Division can produce ratio images that are important in color and multispectral image analysis. Multiplication by a mask image can blot out certain portions of an image, leaving only the objects of interest. ALGEBRAIC OPERATIONS AND THE HISTOGRAM In this section, we examine the output histogram of sum and difference operations. This yields insight into the operations and the scaling necessary to keep the output gray levels within range. We also present a technique for determining the integrated optical densi