放射治疗得物理基础英文版课件.ppt

Measurement of Radiation: Dosimetry Part Three Determination of Absorbed Dose in a Phantom using an Exposure Calibrated Ion Chamber Summary of Methods to Determine Absorbed Dose * * BME College Sherman Sheen(辛学刚) The Physics of Radiology Kerma in the cavity : imagine a small mass, △m, of phantom material placed at point P”，at the center of the air cavity. The (collision) kerma to △m would be: fill in the cavity, of radius c, with phantom material. This would alter the kerma to the small mass, △m, by the attenuation factor, k(cmed), and the kerma to mass △m would now be: the absorbed dose at point P in the homogeneous phantom may be obtained from: to have a dosimeter calibrated in terms of absorbed dose instead of exposure A Farmer type ionization chamber is used to make a determination of absorbed dose in a water phantom irradiated by Co-60 gamma rays. It is protected against the water by thin rubber tubing and is held with its center at a point such as P of Figure 4-12. After a given irradiation the electrometer connected to it gives a scale reading of 74.0. The exposure calibration factor Nx for the chamber with this electrometer is 1.06 for Co-60 radiation. Determine the absorbed dose in the phantom. The outer radius of the chamber with its cap is 0.8 cm. Determine also the dose calibration factor. Determination of Absorbed Dose at Energies Above 3 MeV 1、Use of Exposure Meter with Calibration Factor at Cobalt 60 to Determine Absorbed Dose at Energies above 3 MeV an exposure calibration factor：Nx Determination of Absorbed Dose at Energies Above 3 MeV ２、the cavity-gas calibration factor determined from an absorbed dose calibration. the much simpler equation ： Agreed-on Dose Calculation Factors for High Energy Photons Dosimetry for Electron Beams Relation between Energy Fluence and Exposure This is the Bragg-Gray relation To relates the absorbed dose at a point in a medium to Q, the charge li