专业英语部分学习资料 符德学 第二版.docVIP

Lesson one??? Elements and Compounds元素与化合物Elements are pure substances that can not be decomposed(分解) into simpler substances by ordinary chemical changes.?? At present there are 109 known elements. Some common elements that are familiar to you are carbon, oxygen, aluminum, iron, copper, nitrogen, and gold. The elements are the building blocks of matter just as the numerals 0 through 9 are the building blocks for numbers. To the best of1 our knowledge, the elements that have been found on the earth also comprise(包含) the entire universe. 注： 1．?????????????? To the best of + (one’s) knowledge 尽……所知。2．??????? To the best of + (one’s) ability . or?? To the best of + (one’s) power尽力地; 歇尽全力 。元素是单纯的物质，不能通过一般的化学变化分解成为更简单的物质。目前已知有109个元素。一些你熟悉的常见元素是碳、氧、铝、铁、氮和金。元素是组成物质的基本单元，就象0到9的数字是组成数的基本单元一样。就我们所知，已经在地球上发现的元素也是组成整个宇宙的元素。About 85% of (85 percent of) the elements can be found in nature , usually combined with other elements in minerals and vegetable matter or in substances like water and carbon dioxide. Copper, silver, gold, and about 20 other elements can be found in highly pure forms. Sixteen elements are not found in nature; theyhave been produced in generally small amounts in nuclear explosions (爆炸)and nuclear research. They are man-made elements.大约有85%的元素可以在大自然的矿物或者植物中，以及如水和二氧化碳这样的物质中找到，通常与别的元素结合。铜、银、金和别处约20%的元素可以在大自然中以高纯度的形式找到。有16种元素是不能在大自然中找到的，这些元素已经由核爆炸或者核研究中少量的制造出来，他们是人造元素。 Pure substances composed of1 two or more elements are called compounds. Because they contain two or more elements, compounds, unlike elements, are capable of being decomposed into simpler substances by chemical changes. The ultimate(最终的) chemical decomposition of compounds produces the elements from which they are made. 注： 1composed of?? 由…..组成.?? composed of two or more elements作为定语修饰Pure substances。2．?the elements from which they are made. “which”是指示代词，指“elements ”。同意于“they are made from the elements”。句中“from”可以后置：the elements which they are made from.两种或者更多种元素结合成的单纯物质称为化合物。化合物与元素不同