《大学物理》英文课件12 Equilibrium and Elasticity教材课程.pptVIP

Equilibrium and Elasticity Dr. Huaqiu Deng E-mail: hqdeng@scut.edu.cn Examples of Equilibrium A book rests on a table A hockey puck slides with constant velocity across a frictionless surface The rotating blades of a ceiling fan The wheel of a bicycle that is traveling along a straight path at constant speed Features of Equilibrium The linear momentum P of its COM is constant Its angular momentum L about its COM or about any other point is constant Static Equilibrium Stable static equilibrium: a body returns static equilibrium state after having been displaced from that state by a force. - example: a marble placed at the bottom of a hemispherical bowl Unstable static equilibrium: if a small force can displace the body and end the equilibrium Importance of Static Equilibrium Analysis The design engineer must isolate and identify all the external forces and torques that may act on a structure and, by good design and wise choice of materials, ensure that the structure will remain stable under these loads, to ensure, for example, that bridges do not collapse under their traffic and wind loads, and that the landing gear of aircraft will function after the shock of rough landings. Sample Problem Problem: a ladder of length L = 12m and mass m = 45kg leans against a slick wall ( that is , there is no friction between the ladder and the wall). The ladder’s upper end is at height h = 9.3m above the pavement on which the lower end is supported ( the pavement is not frictionless). The ladder’s center of mass is L/3 from the lower end, along the length of the ladder. A firefighter of mass M = 72kg climbs the ladder until her center of mass is L/2 from the lower end. What then are the magnitude of the forces on the ladder from the wall and the pavement? Solution: Sample Problem Problem: a safe of mass M = 430kg is hung by a rope (negligible mass ) from a boom ( a = 1.9m and b = 2.5m) that consists of a uniform hinged beam (m = 85kg) and horizontal cable (n