《真菌学》课件mushroom5my corestoration教学教材.pptxVIP

As a species, humans are adept at inventing toxins yet equally inept at eliminating them from our environment.Bill Moyers (2001) reported in Trade Secrets, a Public Broadcasting Service program,that analysis of his blood by Mt. Sinai Medical Hospital revealed 84 of 150 known industrial toxins, many of them carcinogenic (13 dioxins, 31 PCBs, several pesticides, and numerous heavy metals).Most citizens of this planet, unfortunately, are likely to have similar blood profiles. With current trends, our exposure to dangerous chemicals increases with time as our environments become more polluted. Simply put, pollution is an environmental disease that kills.The powerful enzymes secreted by certain fungi digest lignin and cellulose, the primary structural components of wood. These digestive enzymes can also break down a surprisingly wide range of toxins that have chemical bonds like those in wood. Such mushrooms can be classified into 2 subgroups: brown rotters and white rotters. Brown rot fungi’s extracellular enzymes break down the white, pulpy cellulose, leaving behind the brownish lignin (hence the name).White rot fungi produce enzymes that break down the recalcitrant brown fiber in wood, leaving the cellulose largely intact, thus giving the wood a white appearance. White rot mushrooms are mycoremediators of toxins held together by hydrogen-carbon bonds.Only white rot mushrooms seem to produce manganese-dependent peroxidase, an enzyme that is particularly efficient in breaking hydrogencarbon bonds.Enzymes secreted by this group’s mycelia include lignin peroxidases, manganese peroxidases, and laccases (Schliephake et al. 2003).These complex mixtures allow the mycelium to dismantle some of the most resistant materials made by humans or nature. Since many of the bonds that hold plant material together are similar to thebonds found in petroleum products, including diesel, oil, and many herbicides and pesticides, mycelial enzymes are well suited for decomposing a wide spectr