流体力学第六章-3.pptVIP

总15页 * Nonlinear Steepening in a Nondispersive Medium So far, small amplitude: neglecting the higher order terms in Benoulli Eq.; Boundary cond. at z = 0 instead of z = η →shape propagate unchanged in form for nondispersive waves Considering finite amplitude A qualitative approach, shallow water An elevation A depression c= c’ + u A little wavelet A compression region (front face AB) tends to steepening with time and form a jump, while an expansion region tends to flatten out . Stationary Hydraulic Jump Consider the flow in a shallow canal of depth H, a supercritical flow if Fr 1 subcritical flow if Fr 1 The (propagating) hydraulic jump: the waveform has the form of a front and propagates into still fluid at constant speed that lies between (gH1)-2 and (gH2)-2, where H1 and H2 are the water depth on the two sides of the front. --- shock wave in a compressible flow Stationary At the foot of a dam Propagating A tidal bore propagating into a river mouth Fr21 = Q2 / gH21 Fr1 1, → H2 H2 The mechanical energy decreases in a hydraulic jump because of the Eddying motion within the jump Burdekin Dam (or Burdekin Falls Dam)，located on the Burdekin River in Australia，1987 钱塘江潮-1 钱塘江潮-2 Finite Amplitude Waves of Unchanging Form in a Dispersive Medium In a dispersive system, nonlinear steepening could cancel out dispersive spreading, resulting in finite amplitude waves of constant form Finite Amplitude Waves In Deep Water: Stokes’s Wave Stokes in 1847 showed that periodic waves of finite amplitude are possible in deep water and gave the surface elevation of irrotational waves in deep water: No longer exactly sinusoidal but the wave profile unchanged in time It has now been established that the existence of periodic wavetrains of unchanging form is a typical feature of nonlinear dispersive systems. Another important result, generally valid for nonlinear systems, is that the wave speed depends on the amplitude. Periodic finite-amp