农科英语课件unit 3 Genetically Modified Foods幻灯片课件.pptVIP

? Pesticide resistant insects - the genetic modification of some crops to permanently produce the natural biopesticide Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin could encourage the evolution of Bt-resistant insects, rendering the spray ineffective. Wherever pesticides are used, insect resistance can occur and good agricultural practice includes strategies to minimise this. ? Biodiversity - growing GM crops on a large scale may also have implications for biodiversity, the balance of wildlife and the environment. This is why environmental agencies closely monitor their use. ? Cross-contamination - plants bioengineered to produce pharmaceuticals (such as medicines) may contaminate food crops. Provisions have been introduced in the USA requiring substantial buffer zones, use of separate equipment and a rule that land used for such crops lie fallow for the next year. ? Pesticide use - the use of pesticide resistant (Bt) crops would suggest a reduction in the application of pesticides; however, recent surveys in the USA suggest that Bt-corn that targets corn borer has not lowered pesticide use, since most pesticides are directed against other corn pests. ? Health effects - minimal research has been conducted into the potential acute or chronic health risks of using GM foods and of their performance in relation to a range of health effects. Research also needs to involve independent (not company-based) assessment of the long-term effects of GM crops in the field and on human health. Concerns about the social or ethical issues surrounding genetic modification include: ? The possible monopolisation of the world food market by large multinational companies that control the distribution of GM seeds. ? Using genes from animals in plant foods may pose ethical, philosophical or religious problems. For example, eating traces of genetic material from pork could be a problem for certain religious or cultural groups. Social and ethical concerns Unit 3Genetically Modified Foo