大学英语语法 第四讲 介词.doc

第四讲 介 词 一、分类 1 . 简单介词 指由一个单词构成的介词, 简单介词也可能由形容词、副词、名词、连词等转变而来, 常用 的有: by, in, after , on, at , past , since, till , until , over, opposite, off, near , of, with, up, under , toward( s) , through , like, from, for , down , during, except , but , beyond, between , besides, beside, beneath, below, behind, before, among, along, against , above, across , about , amid( st) , onto, underneath , unlike, round, next , despite, than, save 除..之 外, 等。 .. 这些介词有静态和动态之分, 或兼有两态。比较: in →静态(在..内) into→动态(进入) across →静态(在..的另一边) →动态(从..一边到另一边) 2 . 以-ing 结尾的介词 这类介词由现在分词演变而来, 常用的有: excepting 除..外, including 包括, regarding 关于, barring 除..外, concerning 关 于, touching 关于, considering 就..而言, saving 除外, respecting 关于, pending 在 ..之中(到..为止) , failing 如果没有(若无..时) , following 在..以后, 等。 3 . 合成介词 这类介词由两个单词组合而成, 凝聚力强, 连写, 已成为独立的单词, 常用的有: into 进入, outside 在..外, within 在..内, without 没有, throughout 遍及(贯穿) , inside 在..内, upon 在..上, alongside 在..旁边(沿着) , notwithstanding 虽然, 等。 4 . 短语介词 这类介词是短语性的固定介词搭配, 可以是介词+ 名词, 介词+ 介词, 介词+ 分词, 介词 + 动词, 介词+ 形容词, 介词+ 副词等构成, 常用的有: out of 从..里面(从..中) , but for 要不是, ahead of 在..前, according to 根据, apar t from 除..外, along with 同..一起, because of 由于(因为) , together with 同 ..一起, as regards 关于, as to 关于(至于) , due to 由于, in front of 在..前面, in place of 代替, on behalf of 代表, near to 靠近, instead of 替代(而不) , next to 紧靠旁边 (贴近) , on account of 由于(鉴于) , owing to 由于(因为) , with regard to 关于, in regard to 关于, prior to 在..前, in view of 考虑到, in spite of 尽管, in accordance with 根据, by means of 用(依靠) , as f rom 自..起, as for 至于, apar t from 除..外(若无) , except for 除..外, as concerns 关于, as compared with 同..相比, for want of 因为缺 乏, at the cost of 以..为代价, over against 在..对面(正对着) , down to 下至( 直 至) , away from 离开, irrespective of 不顾, with a view to 旨在(目的是) , on the point of 正要..之际, in the event of 如果发生(万一) , for the sake of 为了, by way of 经由(通  新/ 世/ 纪/ 英/ 语/ 丛/ 书 118 第四讲 介 词 过) , up to 一直到, thanks to 由于(多亏) , previous to 先于, due to 由于, 等。 .. 要注意的是, 短语介词中的搭配都是固定的, 不可随意变更, 如by means of