微生物及实验（双语）修订版Lecture 2 (cell structure and fuctions)宣讲培训.pptVIP

Cell structure and function in Bacteria ;typical bacterial cell structure; ;Haloarcula- bacterium from a Salt pool in Sinai. ;Why? Yes, Bifidobacteria is Y-shaped.;Size of Living Things; ; ;Cytoplasmic Membrane-structure;Rigidity of cytoplasmic membrane; ; ; ;Cytoplasmic Membrane-Function; ; ; ; ; ;Cell Wall; ;Cell Wall and Membrane;Polysaccharide backbone;Cell Wall and Membrane; ; ; ;Cell Wall and Membrane - Cells that lack cell walls; Cell Surface Structures;Capsule usually consists of polysaccharides, but can be composed of other materials (e.g., polypeptide in B. anthracis. A tight and well ordered matrix There are 14 different capsule types (serotypes), which each impart their own specific antigenicity. Immunity to one capsule type does not result in immunity to the other types. Functions: Capsule binds a significant amount of water, so it could play some role in resistance of the cell to desiccation. excludes small particles including antibiotics and some dyes Use Indian ink to detect capsule. Can survive chemical sterilization, leaving autoclaving and flushing with boiling water as the only certain methods of decontamination 3) Capsules also help cells adhere to surfaces. Some pathogenic bacteria use capsule to adhere to host surface. 4) prevents phagocytosis by not being recognized by phagocytic cells of immune system. The capsule is considered a virulence factor (pathogenicity factor) because it enhances the ability of bacteria to cause disease. ;Assignment 1: how to cure human or mammal diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria with capsules Write an assay (in English or Chinese), evaluate currently available methods, pinpoint their problems, make suggestions on how to improve future treatment. Submit the assay with hard copies of at least three major literatures (only one Chinese paper is allowed) Due date: November 4, 2013 One group will be informed to give a talk before November 18, and the talk will be given on November 25, 2013