概率统计(英文)chapter 7修改 Statistical Intervals Based on a Single Sample培训资料.ppt

7. Statistical Intervals Based on a Single Sample ;Introduction A point estimate, because it is a single number, by itself provides no information about the precision and reliability of estimation. Consider, for example, using the statistic X to calculate a point estimate for the true average breaking strength (g) of paper towels of a certain brand, and suppose that X=9322.7. Because of sample variability, it is virtually never the case that X=μ. ;7.1 Basic Properties Confidence Intervals;Example 7.1 Industrial engineers who specialize in ergonomics are concerned with designing workspace and devices operated by workers so as to achieve high productivity and comfort. A sample of n=31 trained typists was selected , and the preferred keyboard height was determined for each typist. The resulting sample average preferred height was x=80.0 cm. Assuming that preferred height is normally distributed with σ=2.0 cm. Please obtain a CI for μ, the true average preferred height for the population of all experienced typists. (suppose confidence degree is 0.95) Solution: we set ;The CI is ;Other Levels of Confidence Suppose we want a 99% CI rather a 95% interval. Rather than starting with a probability of 0.95, we must begin with a probability of 0.99. DEFINITION: A 100(1- )% confidence interval for the mean of a normal population when the value of σ is known is given by or , equivalently, by ;Example7.3 : The production process for engine control housing units of a particular type has recently been modified. Prior to this modification, historical data had suggested that the distribution of hole diameters for bushing on the housing was normal with a standard deviation of 0.100 mm . It is believed that the modification has not affected the shape of the distribution or the deviation, but that the value of the mean diameter many have changed. A sample of 40 housing units is selected and hole diameter is determined for each one, resulting