水痘疫苗讲解材料.ppt

VARICELLA(Chickenpox);Overview Varicella (chickenpox) is the primary infection caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) . After varicella, the virus establishes latent infection in dorsal root ganglia and its reactivation causes herpes zoster (shingles). Varicella is characterized by the appearance on the skin and mucous membranes of successive crops of typical vesicles, generally accompanied by a mild constitutional reaction. ;; Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) Classification: double-stranded DNA virus Family: Herpesviridae Subfamily: Alpha herpesvirinae Serotype: Only one Locations: Patients respiratory secretions, blood, vesicle fluid Resistance: Sensitive to heat, acid and disinfectant ;Infectious sources Patients The infective stage is from about 24 hr before the appearance of the rash to all lesions are crusted Routes of transmission Respiratory transmission: spread by droplet Direct contact Mother-to-fetus transmission： congenital varicella Population susceptibility 90% of reported patients are under 10-yr of age. The peak age of incidence is 2-6 yr. Peak seasons: winter and spring;Clinical Manifestations The severity of the disease varies from a few lesions with little evidence of systemic illness to many hundreds of lesions and extreme toxicity 1.Typical varicella Incubation period: the incubation period varies from 10-21 days, but the average is 13-17 days. Prodromal period: short,mild there may be slight fever, malaise ,or anorexia. ;Exanthem stage: 1) Rash rash development process: maculopapule-- “tear-drop” vesicles--cloudy vesicles--crusts rash characteristics: appear in batches (development of several crops of rash ) four kinds of rash at the same time concentric distribution mucosa involvement rash sequence: trunk-- face and scalp- -extremities rash pruritus ;go;go;Exanthem stage: 1) Rash rash development process: