能源有效性与可再生能源.pptVIP

Chapter 8 Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy 能源有效性与可再生能源 Key Concepts Glossary energy efficiency Percentage of the total energy input that does useful work and is not converted into low-quality, usually useless heat in an energy conversion system or process. See energy quality, net energy. Compare material efficiency. geothermal energy Heat transferred from the earths underground concentrations of (1) dry steam (steam with no water droplets), (2) wet steam (a mixture of steam and water droplets), or (3) hot water trapped in fractured or porous rock. Energy: Forms Glossary kinetic energy Energy that matter has because of its mass and speed or velocity. Compare potential energy. potential energy Energy stored in an object because of its position or the position of its parts. Compare kinetic energy Transfer of Heat Energy Energy: Quality Evaluating Energy Resources Glossary nonrenewable resource Resource that exists in a fixed amount (stock) in various places in the earths crust and has the potential for renewal by geological, physical, and chemical processes taking place over hundreds of millions to billions of years. Examples are copper, aluminum, coal, and oil. We classify these resources as exhaustible because we are extracting and using them at a much faster rate than they were formed. Compare renewable resource. net energy Total amount of useful energy available from an energy resource or energy system over its lifetime, minus the amount of energy (1) used (the first law of thermodynamics), (2) automatically wasted (the second law of thermodynamics), and (3) unnecessarily wasted in finding, processing, concentrating, and transporting it to users. Important Nonrenewable Energy Sources Nuclear Energy Glossary nuclear energy Energy released when atomic nuclei undergo a nuclear reaction such as the spontaneous emission of radioactivity, nuclear fission, or nuclear fusion. The Importance of Improving Energy Efficiency Efficiencies Ways to Improv