真 实之路_宇宙法的完全指南_彭罗斯3[].对称群.pdfVIP

13 Symmetry groups 13.1 Groups of transformations Spaces that are symmetrical have a fundamental importance in modern physics. Why is this? It might be thought that completely exact symmetry is something that could arise only exceptionally, or perhaps just as some convenient approximation. Although a symmetrical object, such as a square or a sphere, has a precise existence as an idealized (‘Platonic’; see §1.3) mathematical structure, any physical realization of such a thing would ordinarily be regarded as merely some kind of approximat