Conidium(分生孢子).pptVIP

MYCOLOGY MYCOLOGY The fungi are eukaryotic organisms growing as a mass of branching, interlacing filaments known as mycelium. Among the many thousands of fungi known, only about 300 can cause diseases in humans and animals. Bacteria plant Comparison of fungi and bacteria Structure of fungi Morphology Unicellular fungi Multicellular fungi Hypha: mycelium (vegetative, aerial or reproductive). Spores: asexual spore a) Conidium（分生孢子）: macroconidium, microconidium. b) Thallospore（叶状孢子）: blastospore（芽生）, chlamydospore（厚膜）,arthrospore（关节）. c) Sporangiospore(孢子囊孢子） Unicellular fungi Unicellular fungi Multicellular fungi Multicellular fungi Multicellular fungi Culture Sabouraud culture medium optimal pH 4-6 optimal temperature 22-28 C some deep pathogenic fungi need 37 C, Aerobic types of colonies– yeast, filamentous Multiplication:budding, hypha formation, branching or disruption of hypha, spore formation Resistance Resistant to dry, sunlight, UV light and many chemicals Sensitive to wet heat Clinical manifestations pathogenic fungal infection Opportunistic pathogenic fungal infection Fungal allergic diseases Mycotoxicosis Mycotoxin and tumor Immunity Nonspecific immunity Specific immunity Microbiological diagnosis Specimens Direct smear Isolation and cultivation Serological tests. Fungi of superficial keratinized infection Malassezia furfur（秕糠马拉癣菌）. Fungi of skin infection The most important are dermatophytes, a group of closely fungi classified into 3 genera: Trichophyton（毛癣菌） Epidermophyton （表皮癣菌0 Microsprum（小孢子癣菌） Invade only skin, hair, and nails. Fungi of subcutaneous infection Chromomycosis (caused by several species of black molds; Fonsecaea edrosoi, Cladosporium carrionii, Phialophora verrua have been isolated most frequently). Fungi of deep infection Cryptococcus neoformans Histoplasma capsulatum Coccidioides immites ( 厌酷球孢子菌〕 Blastomyes dermatitides （皮炎芽生菌〕 Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis