全国高等教育自学考试指定教材（公共课程）大学英语自学教程.docx

Unit 1Text ANew Wordsorganizational[妺:g僴ai`zei巸nl]a. 组织(上)的goal [g僽l]n.1.目的,目标; 2.得分进球,球门objective [僢`d宔ktiv]n.目标,目的a.1.客观的,真实的; 2.如实的,无偏见的accomplish[僠k媘pli嶿vt.完成(任务等)predict [pri`dikt]vt./vi.预言;预示accompany [僠k坢p僴i]vt.1.伴随,陪同; 2.为...伴奏implement [`implim僴t]vt.实现;完成(任务等); 履历(协定,诺言等)constraint [k僴`streint]n.1.强制; 2.强制因素,制约条件precedent [`presid僴t]n.先例,前例simplify [`simplifai]vt.简化tendency [`tend僴si]趋势,倾向managerial[妋噉僠d宨價i僱]a.1.经理的,管理人的; 2.管理上的,经营上的maker [`meik僝n.制造者;制造商achievement[僠t巌:vm僴t]n.1.完成,达到; 2.成就,成绩attain [僠tein]vt.达到;完成optimal [媝tim僱]a.最适宜的;最理想的suboptimization[s坆妺ptimai`zei巸n]n.局部最优化trade-off[`treid 媐]n.1.权衡; 2.物物交换argue [`a:gju:]vt./vi.争辨,争论,辩论vt.1.说服;2.用辩论证明budget [`b坉宨t]n.预算 vt.1.把...编入预算;2.安排,预定scheme [ski:m]n.计划,方案vt./vi.计划,策划define [di`fain]vt.1.解释,给...下定义; 2.限定,规定multiple [`m坙tipl]a.多样的,复合的n.倍数profitability[妏r媐it僠biliti]n.赚钱,获利correctness[k僠rektnis]n.正确,正确性unintended[`坣in`tendid]a.非计划中的,非故意的ongoing [`媙`g僽i匽a.进行中的,前进的entity [`entiti]n.1.存在,实体; 2.统一性skilled [skild]a.熟练的;有技能的Phrases and Expressionsin the way挡路;碍事to make a guess at猜测and the like等等,诸如此类to seek to (inf.)追求,争取in part部分地,在某种程度上point of view观点What Is a Decision?A decision is a choicemade from amongalternative courses ofaction that are available.The purpose of making adecision is to establishand achieve organizationalgoals and objectives.The reason for making adecision is that a problemexists,goals or objectivesare wrong,or something is standingin the way ofaccomplishing them.Thus the decision-makingprocess is fundamental tomanagement.Almost everything amanager does involvesdecisions,indeed,some suggest thatthe management process isdecision making.Although managers cannotpredict the future,many oftheir decisions requirethat they considerpossible future events.Often managers must makea best guess at what thefuture will be and try toleave as liltle aspossible to chance,but since uncertainty isalways there,riskaccompanies decisions.Sometimes the consequencesof a poor decision areslight,at other timest