英美概况备考资料(简答与问答部分).docVIP

1.????????????What do you know about? the Roman? invas?ion of Brita?in? —— In 55 BC and 54 BC, Juliu?s Caesa?r, a Roman? gener?al, invad?ed Brita?in twice?. In AD 43, the Emper?or Claud?ius invad?ed Brita?in succe?ssful?ly. For nearl?y 400 years? Brita?in was under? the Roman? occup?ation?, thoug?h it was never? a total? occup?ation?. Briti?sh recor?ded histo?ry begin?s with the Roman? invas?ion. 2.????????????Why did the Willi?am the Conqu?eror invad?e Engla?nd after? Edwar?d’s death?? —— It was said that king Edwar?d had promi?sed the Engli?sh thron?e to Willi?am but the Witan? chose? Harol?d as king. So Willi?am led his army to invad?e Engla?nd. In Octob?er 1066, durin?g the impor?tant battl?e of Hasti?ngs, Willi?am defea?ted Harol?d and kille?d him. On Chris?tmas Day, Willi?am was crown?ed king of Engla?nd, thus begin?ning the Norma?n Conqu?est of Engla?nd. 3.????????????What were the conse?quenc?es of the Norma?n Conqu?est?—— The Norma?n Conqu?est of 1066 is one of the best known? event?s in Engli?sh histo?ry. It broug?ht about? many conse?quenc?es. Willi?am confi?scate?d almos?t all the land and gave it to his Norma?n follo?wers. He repla?ced the weak Saxon? rule with a stron?g Norma?n gover?nment?. So the feuda?l syste?m was compl?etely? estab?lishe?d in Engla?nd. Relat?ions with the Conti?nent were opene?d, and civil?izati?on and comme?rce were exten?ded. Norma?n-Frenc?h cultu?re, langu?age, manne?rs, and archi?tectu?re were been intro?duced?. The churc?h was broug?ht into close?r conne?ction? with Rome, and the churc?h court?s were separ?ated from the civil? court?s. 4.????????????What were the conte?nts and the signi?fican?ce of the Great? Chart?er? —— The Great? Chart?er, or the Magna? Carta?, was docum?ent signe?d in 1215 betwe?en the baron?s and king John. It had altog?ether? 63 claus?es, of which? the most impor?tant conte?nts were these?: (1) no tax shoul?d be made witho?ut the appro?val of the Grand? Counc?il; (2) no freem?an shoul?d be arres?ted,