nerves 颅神经医学英语 PPT课件.pptVIP

Summary of Function of Cranial Nerves Cranial Nerve I: Olfactory Arises from the olfactory epithelium Passes through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone Fibers run through the olfactory bulb and terminate in the primary olfactory cortex Functions solely by carrying afferent impulses for the sense of smell Cranial Nerve I: Olfactory Cranial Nerve II: Optic Arises from the retina of the eye Optic nerves pass through the optic canals and converge at the optic chiasm They continue to the thalamus where they synapse From there, the optic radiation fibers run to the visual cortex Functions solely by carrying afferent impulses for vision Cranial Nerve II: Optic Cranial Nerve III: Oculomotor Fibers extend from the ventral midbrain, pass through the superior orbital fissure, and go to the extrinsic eye muscles Functions in raising the eyelid, directing the eyeball, constricting the iris, and controlling lens shape The latter 2 functions are parasympathetically controlled Parasympathetic cell bodies are in the ciliary ganglia Cranial Nerve III: Oculomotor Cranial Nerve IV: Trochlear Fibers emerge from the dorsal midbrain and enter the orbits via the superior orbital fissures; innervate the superior oblique muscle Primarily a motor nerve that directs the eyeball Cranial Nerve IV: Trochlear Cranial Nerve V: Trigeminal Composed of three divisions Ophthalmic (V1) Maxillary (V2) Mandibular (V3) Fibers run from the face to the pons via the superior orbital fissure (V1), the foramen rotundum (V2), and the foramen ovale (V3) Conveys sensory impulses from various areas of the face (V1) and (V2), and supplies motor fibers (V3) for mastication Tic douloureux or trigeminal neuralgia - Most excruciating pain known (?) - Caused by inflammation of nerve - In severe cases, nerve is cut; relieves agony but results in loss of sensation on that side of the face Cranial Nerve V: Trigeminal Cranial Nerve VI: Abducens Fibers leave the inferior pons and enter the orb