ao工艺处理化学制药工业高盐有机废水.doc

A2/O工艺处理化学制药工业高盐有机废水 摘要：采用预处理（蒸发脱盐、中和、混凝、沉淀）-缺氧-厌氧-好氧-二次混凝沉淀的组合工艺，可以有效去除制药工业废水的有机污染物， CODCr、甲苯、氨氮去除率分别为98．8％、99．6％和61．4％，出水满足GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准的要求。缺氧、厌氧、好氧工序的污泥单独回流，可以减少菌群混杂，利于优势微生物的生存。厌氧单元是去除有机污染物的主要工序，有机物削减比例达70．1％。由于废水含盐量高，污泥沉降性能不佳，二沉池出水增加混凝沉淀工序，这是废水稳定达标的重要保障。 关键词：制药废水；高盐废水；厌氧；好氧；混凝沉淀 中图分类号：X787.031 文献标识码：A 文章编号：%1009-2455（2012）03-0031-04 Treatment of high salinity organic wastewater from chemical pharmaceutical industry ZHANG Cheng-hong1，2， PENG Shu-chuan1， CHEN Jin-si2 Abstract：The combined process of pretreatment(evaporation desalination, neutralization, coagulation, sedimentation)-anoxic -anaerobic -aerobic -secondary coagulation precipitation could effectively remove the organic pollutants in wastewater from chemical pharmaceutical industry, the removal rates of CODCr, toluene and ammonia nitrogen were 98.8%, 99.6% and 61.4% respectively, the effluent water quality met the specification for grade 1 in GB 8978—1996 Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard．The sludge in anoxic, anaerobic and aerobic stages flew back independently, which reduced the mixing of microbe groups, and was beneficial to the survival of dominant bacteria．Anaerobic stage was the main procedure of organic pollutants removal, and the removal rate reached 70.1% ．As the said kind of wastewater contained a high concentration of salt, the sedimentation performance of the sludge was not good, therefore, setting coagulation-sedimentation tank behind the secondary sedimentation tank is an important measu re to ensure the effluent water quality meet the discharge standard steadily. Keywords：pharmaceutical wastewater; high salinity wastewater; anaerobic; aerobic; coagulation sedimentation 化学原料药合成过程一般包括反应、分离、结晶、过滤、洗涤、干燥等工序，其中结晶、过滤、洗涤、尾气净化工序排放的是高浓度含盐有机废水，尾气净化工序生成含盐有机废液。原料药合成生产废水盐分含量很高，甚至达到30％，几乎接近饱和，如直接进入生化处理系统，则系统将迅速失效。因此，一般需进行预处理，如采用蒸发、EDS、膜分离等方法分离出废水中的盐分。 文献［1-6］对高盐度废水处理方法作了系统分析，重点论述了盐分对好氧、厌氧工艺的影响，耐盐微生物驯化以及盐分对废水脱氮除磷的影响。董志义等［7］以医药原料药废水处理为案例进行了分析，指出不同废水应采取不同的预处理方法。国外专家学者对高盐废水处理的研究也比较活跃，他们将高