THE DEVELOPMENT OF SLEEP-WAKE RHYTHMS AND THE SEARCH FOR ELEMENTAL CIRCUITS IN THE INFANT BRAIN文档.pdf

NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Behav Neurosci . Author manuscript; available in PMC 2015 June 01. N Published in final edited form as: I H Behav Neurosci . 2014 June ; 128(3): 250–263. doi:10.1037/a0035891. - P A A u THE DEVELOPMENT OF SLEEP-WAKE RHYTHMS AND THE t h o r SEARCH FOR ELEMENTAL CIRCUITS IN THE INFANT BRAIN M a n Mark S. Blumberg, u s Departments of Psychology and Biology and Delta Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, c r i p Iowa, 52242 USA t Andrew J. Gall, and Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 William D. Todd Department of Neurology and Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center N and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 I H - P Abstract A A Despite the predominance of sleep in early infancy, developmental science has yet to play a major u t role in shaping concepts and theories about sleep and its associated ultradian and circadian h o rhythms. Here we argue that developmental analyses help us to elucidate the relative contributions r M of the brainstem and forebrain to sleep-wake control and to dissect the neural components of a n sleep-wake rhythms. Developmental analysis also makes it clear that sleep-wake processes in u s infants are the foundation for those of adults. For example, the infant brainstem alone contains a c r i fundamental sleep-wake circuit that is sufficient to produce transitions among wakefulness, quiet p t sleep, and active sleep. Also, co