when words feel right how affective expressions of listeners change a speakers language use文档.pdf

when words feel right how affective expressions of listeners change a speakers language use文档.pdf

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when words feel right how affective expressions of listeners change a speakers language use文档

European Journal of Social Psychology Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. 39, 747–756 (2009) Published online 13 September 2008 in Wiley InterScience () DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.572 When words feel right: How affective expressions of listeners change a speaker’s language use CAMIEL J. BEUKEBOOM* VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands Abstract Based on conversation research and work showing that affective cues help to tune information processing to situational demands, it was hypothesized that affective expressions of listeners would influence how speakers represent communicated information in language. Participants were asked to orally communicate an event presented in a film clip to two other participants. These other participants were actually confederates who either adopted a positive or negative nonverbal expression during the story of the participant. Results show that participants talking to smiling listeners used more interpretive, abstract language, whereas participants talking to frowning listeners stayed with the concrete and descriptive facts. These effects of external affective cues on language abstraction were not mediated by the speaker’s mood. Implications for interpersonal conversation are discussed. Copyright # 2008 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. The notion that speakers are responsive to the reactions of their conversation partners seems generally accepted. Models about the dynamics of face-to-face conversations view conversation as a joint activity, a duet, in which conversation partners collaborate to create mutual understanding. Speakers constantly monitor their conversation partner and change their utterances depending on the listeners’ replies and feedback (Clark Brennan, 1991; Clark Krych, 2004; Clark Wilkes-Gibbs, 1986).

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