九级英语：Uni期中复习课件.pptVIP

现在完成时由have/has been加上过去分词 构成，如： A lot has been talked about the protection of our environment. Many ways have been tried to help the sick boy. 现在进行时由am/are/is being加上过去分词 构成，如： A new bridge is being built on the river. All the factories are being moved out of the city. * 虚拟语气 句子假设的情况如果是完全不存在的 （与现在或过去的事实相反），或者实现 的可能性很小（与将来的事实可能相反）， 这种句子叫做虚拟条件句，它的谓语动词 用虚拟语气。 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法有三种情况： 1.表示与现在事实相反的情况时，条件 从句的动词用一般过去式（be的过去式用 were或was），主句的动词用would(should, could或might)加动词原形。例如： * The little girl said,”If I were a president, I would do a lot of things for the people.” 情况不可能发生。 比较： Bush said,” If I am the president, I will do a lot of things for the ‘ people.” 他自认为情况很有可能发生。 * If I were invited, I’d go to the dinner party. (Fact: I’m not invited, so I won’t go.) If I had time, I would(should) go with you. (Fact: I am very busy, so I can’t go with you.) * If she knew about it now, she would come. (Fact: She doesn’t know about it.) If they did not water the flowers, the flowers would(could) not grow so well. (Fact: They water the flowers everyday, so the flowers grow well.) * 2. 表示与过去事实相反时，条件 从句的动词用had加过去分词，主句的动词 用would(should, could或might)加have和 过去分词。例如： If he had come here yesterday, I should have told him. (Fact: He did not come and so I did not tell him.) 以下两种情况不讲 * 3. 表示与将来事实很可能相反的情况 时,条件从句的动词--- (1)过去式(即与上述情况1 相同) (2)或用should +动词原形, (3)或用were to+动词原形; 主句的动词用would(should, could或 might)加动词原形。从句中这三种情况 都是表示不大可能实现的假想情况; 不可能实现的程度不完全一样. * 第(1)种结构(过去式)所表示的情况,实现 的可能性较大; 第(2)种结构(should+ should +动词 原形)所表示的情况,实现的可能性较小; 第(3)种结构(were to+动词原形)所表示的 情况,实现的可能性最小. 例如： If he came tomorrow, he would find me in my office. (他来不来没有什么把握.) * If it should (happen to) rain this afternoon, the football match would be put off. (下雨的可能性不大) If you were to fail to catch the train, you might take the bus. (事实上,赶不上火车的可能性很小) * Grammar Focus (Unit 1-5) Unit 1 How do you study for a test. How do you study for a test? I study by listening to cassettes. How do you learn English? I lear