课内冠病课.ppt

* * * * * * * 缺血性心肌病型冠心病 病理基础：心肌纤维化或称硬化 临床特点： 渐进性心脏扩大、心律失常、心力衰竭 诊断线索：EKG示心肌缺血 UCG示局部室壁运动失常 既往有心绞痛或心肌梗死病史 主要鉴别于：DCM、心肌炎、高血压心脏病 * 猝死型冠心病 猝死：WHO：6小时；多数：1小时 心脏性猝死一半以上因冠心病所致 年龄多不太大，生前可无症状 病理检查：有AS病变，多数并无血栓 解释：AS+冠脉痉挛/微循环血栓—— 急性心肌缺血—— 局部电生理紊乱—— 致命性心律失常（心室颤动） * 二级预防应全面综合考虑，为便于记忆归纳为A、B、C、D、E为符号的5个方面： A Aspirin 抗血小板聚集（或氯吡格雷） Anti－anginals therapy 抗心绞痛硝酸类制剂 B Beta-blocker 预防心律失常，减轻心脏负荷等 Blood pressure control 控制好血压 C Cholesterol lowing 控制血脂水平 Cigarette quiting 戒烟 D Diet control 控制饮食 Diabetes treatment治疗糖尿病 E Education 普及有关冠心病的教育（患者和家属） Exercise 鼓励有计划、适当的运动锻炼 * 动脉粥样硬化的特点是受累动脉的病变从内膜开始 在动脉内膜积聚的脂质外观呈黄色粥样 * * Atherosclerosis is a complex disease. Atherosclerotic plaques can be subdivided in accordance with their age and state of development. It is the newly formed lesions with a large lipid core, thin capped, which are fragile and therefore likely to rupture and lead to an acute ischemic event. * * * Slide 3 Atherothrombosis: a Generalized and Progressive Process Atherothrombosis is the common underlying disease process for MI, ischemia and vascular death. ACS are classic examples of atherothrombosis (plaque rupture and thrombus formation). ACS (in common with ischemic stroke and critical leg ischemia) are typically caused by rupture or erosion of an atherosclerotic plaque followed by formation of a platelet-rich thrombus. Atherosclerosis is an ongoing process affecting mainly large and medium-sized arteries, which can begin in childhood and progress throughout a person’s lifetime. Stable atherosclerotic plaques may encroach on the lumen of the artery and cause chronic ischemia, resulting in (stable) angina pectoris or intermittent claudication, depending on the vascular bed affected. Unstable atherosclerotic plaques may rupture, leading to the formation of a platelet-rich thrombus that partially or completely occludes the artery and causes acute ischemic sympt