专业八级-人文知识-英美概况-专题.ppt

英美概况 专八-人文知识-英国政体 政治概况 （1） Constitution 宪法 （2） Constitutional Monarchy 君主立宪制 （3） Plitical Parties 政党 Constitution Britain has no single document of constitution. British constitution is made up of statute law, common law and convention. (2) Constitutional monarchy The UK is a constitutional monarchy, and the head of state is a king and queen. It is governed, in the name of the Sovereign by his or her Majesty’s government. Parliament has the authority to make law, and the judiciary determines common law and interprets statutes. King or queen国王或女王 The king or queen is the head of state(国家元首). Queen Elizabeth II is the current Queen and Head of the commonwealth. The queen or king is only the symbol of the whole nation parliament议会 Consists of the Sovereign(君主), the House of Lords (上议院) and the House of Commons (下议院) the House of Lords acts as a non-elected House of revision, complementing but not rivaling the elected House. The House of Common consists of 651 members and has the ultimate authority to make law, and with a maximun duration of 5 years. The cabinet and ministry内阁 内阁部长 Her Majesty’s Government is the body of ministers responsible for the conduct of national affairs. Cabinet is presided over by the Prime Minister(首相) and Cabinet members hold meetings under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister for a few hours each week to decide Government policies on major issues Ministers are responsible collectively to Parliament for all Cabinet decisions. Justice and law 司法 There is no single legal system in the Britain. The sources of laws include: statutes, common laws, equity law and European Community law. (欧共体法) (3)pilitical parties 政党 There are mainly two parties in the UK: the Conservative Party(保守党) and the Labour Party(工党). The leader of the majority party, which wins most seats at a General Election(大选), is appointed Prime Minister and the party which wins the second largest number of seats becomes the Official Oppositon(官方反对党) to help fomulate policy, c