生长发育GrowthandDevelopment中南大学儿科学教研室To.PPT

* * 生长发育Growth and Development 第二章 中南大学儿科学教研室 To understand the regular rule of growth,development the affecting factors To master the criteria of the growth the development PURPOSE Regular Rule of Growth Development a continuous process unbalanced growth of each system rules in general difference among individuals upper to lower proximal to distal rough to fine inferior to superior simple to complication Affecting Factors of Physical Growth 遗传因素 genetic factors 环境因素 environmental factors ●营养 nutrition ●疾病 disease ●孕母情况 pregnancy ●生活环境 living environment 体重 Body Weight (BW) Criterion of growth nutrition condition differ in speed of BW increase the younger, the faster first peak: newborn-1 year second peak: adolescence at birth boy （3.3±0.4）kg girl（3.2±0.4）kg -1 mon increased 1-1.5 kg -3 mons increased to 6 kg -1 year increased to 9 kg BW(kg)＝(age of mons + 9)/2 -2 years increased to 12 kg 2-6 years BW(kg)＝age of yrs×2＋8 7-12 years BW(kg)＝(age of yrs×7-5)/2 身高（长） Body Height(BH) Criterion of bone growth The same regular rules as BW at birth BH 50cm 1year BH 75cm 2years BH 85cm 2-12years BH(cm)＝age of yrs×6＋77 上部量 upper part 从头顶至耻骨联合上缘 下部量 lower part 从耻骨联合上缘至足底 ＜3yrs (crown-rump length) Criterion of skull spine growth SH/BH at birth 0.67 14 years 0.53 下肢增长速度随年龄增长而加快 坐高 Sitting Height (SH) 指距 finger distance Criterion of long bone growth of upper limb Normal value: finger distance is scarcely less than BH 头围 Head Circumference(HC) Criterion of skull brain growth at birth 33-34 cm 1 year 46 cm 2 years 48 cm 5 years 50 cm 15 years 54-58 cm 胸围 Chest Circumference(CC) Criterion of thorax lungs growth at birth CC 32cm 1 year =HC ＞1 year CC＞HC 上臂围 Upper Arm Circumf