心脏大体解剖.pptVIP

Ch 21: Cardiovascular System- The Heart - Pulmonary Systemic Circuits Location of Heart within Thoracic Cavity Pericardium serous membrane (serosa) lines pericardial cavity visceral pericardium parietal pericardium Structure of the Heart Wall Epicardium = visceral Pericardium (serosa) Myocardium: muscle tissue + c.t. + blood vessels + ? Endocardium: simple squamous epithelium continuous with endothelia of blood vessels Cardiac Muscle Intercalated Discs Fibrous Skeleton Lots of collagen and elastic fibers in the connective tissue of the heart. function:? support (e.g.: fibrous rings supporting valves) prevents over-expansion elasticity helps to return to original shape physical separation of atria from ventricles Surface Anatomy of Heart Auricle of atria (expandable) Coronary sulcus (between atria ventricles) Ant. post. interventricular sulcus Base (3rd costal cartilage) vs. apex (5th intercostal space) Vessels entering leaving the heart Sectional (Internal) Heart Anatomy Atria ventricles Interatrial interventricular septae Valves (fibrous tissue) Pectinate muscles (auricles ant. atria) Trabeculae carneae (ventricles) Chordae tendinae papillary muscles Left vs. Right Ventricle Left: high pressure pump Right: low pressure pump ventricular contraction also functions as “suction pump” 4 Sets of Valves Mitral Valve Prolapse Most common cardiac variation (5-10% of population) Mitral valve cusps do not close properly Regurgitation during left ventricular systole How can you diagnose? Not life threatening; may be lifestyle threatening Coronary Blood Vessels Myocardial Infarction (MI) ~ 1.3 Mio MIs / year in US Most commonly due to severe CAD (coronary thrombosis) Ischemic tissue degenerates → nonfunctional area = infarct Predisposing factors? Conducting System of Heart Cardiac Cycle, EKG, Autonomic Control of Heart Rate covered in Physiology artery vein capillaries sectional view: