基于语料库的such搭配行为历时分析-a corpus-based diachronic analysis of sukhs collocation behavior.docx

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基于语料库的such搭配行为历时分析-a corpus-based diachronic analysis of sukhs collocation behavior.docx

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基于语料库的such搭配行为历时分析-a corpus-based diachronic analysis of sukhs collocation behavior

ChapterTwoResearchBackgroundInordertoestablishatheoreticalbasisforthepresentstudy,inthischapterweshallreviewthepreviousstudiesoncollocationtheory,particularlySinclair‘smodelofextendedunitofmeaningconsistingofcollocation,colligation,semanticpreferenceandsemanticprosody.Weshallalsoreviewtwoissuesconcerninglinguisticchanges–delexicalizationandgrammaticalization.Inaddition,weshallexaminethepreviousstudiesonsuchincludingdefinitionsofidentifiersuchandintensifiersuchandtheirinterrelations.Basedonthepreviousdefinitions,weshallthenproposeourownworkingcriteriafordistinguishingthetwowhendealingwiththecorpusdatainthepresentstudy.CollocationtheoryAsFirth(1957:12)mentions,―Youshallknowawordbythecompanyitkeeps.‖Itisthereforeimportanttolookatthecompanysuchkeeps,thatis,therelationbetweensuchanditscollocates,soastoknowbetterhowsuchisusedinShakespeareCorpusandinFriendsCorpus.AccordingtoSinclair(1996:80-88),relationsbetweenlexicalunitscanbedividedintofourdifferentkindsoflevels–collocation,colligation,semanticpreferenceandsemanticprosody.COLLOCATIONisafrequentco-occurrenceofwords;itdoesnothaveprofoundeffectontheindividualmeaningsofthewords,butthereisusuallyatleastaslighteffectonthemeaning,ifonlytoselectorconfirmthemeaningappropriatetothecollocation;COLLIGATIONistheoccurrenceofgrammaticalchoicestoaccountforthegreatervariation..SEMANTICPREFERENCEisanotherstageremovedfromtheactualwordsinthetext,justascolligationisonestepmoreabstractthancollocation.Butitcapturesmoreofthepatterningthantheothers.iv.SEMNATICPROSODYisattitudinal,andonthepragmaticsideofthesemantics/pragmaticscontinuum.Itisthuscapableofawiderangeofrealization.…Ithasaleadingroletoplayintheintegrationofanitemwithitssurrounding.Itexpressessomethingclosetothe―function‖oftheitem–itshowshowtherestoftheitemistobeinterpretedfunctionally.FollowingSinclair,Stubbs(2009:124-125)liststhefourseparatekindsofrelationsinascendingorderofabstraction.Thefourlevelstakedifferentvaluesandgofrom―concretetoabstract‖:from―observedwordforms(i)‖to―hypothesi