The infinitive不定式.pptVIP

不定式的复合结构: for + n. + to do sth. 表示 如果不定式结构的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,可以用 I’m afraid for her to go swimming alone. The box was heavy for me to carry. Exercises Rewrite the sentences, using the infinitive: Model: You are very kind to me. You have done me a great favour. It’s very kind of you to have done me a great favour. * THE INFINITIVE (Senior Grammar) 1.不定式的形式 不定式通常由不定式符号 “to +动词原形”构成，比如动词 write 的不定式就是 to write。不定式也有时态和语态。例如: 完成式 进行式 一般式 时态 语态 to have been done to be done 被动 to have done to be doing to do 主动 eg.I have a lot of work to do. eg.She has no need to be worrying. eg.He is said to have left Shanghai. eg.The president was reported to have been flying across the Atlantic. 2.不定式的时态: 3.不定式的语态： The matter to be discussed at the meeting is a hard nut to crack. They were all waiting for the gate to be opened. He is sure to have been taught by a good musician. I’m sorry for the article not to have been finished in time. 不定式常常带有自己的宾语，宾语+宾语补足语或状语，带有这些成分的不定式统称为“不定式结构”。 3.不定式结构 eg.He began to study Russian. eg.He wanted to send me a gift. eg.He began to feel sad. It continued to rain heavily. He decided to live in the countryside. 4.不定式的否定形式 不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号之前加 not, never 等否定词。 We decided not to buy the house. She wished never to see them again. She was told not to be worrying any more. I understand him not to have left here. 5.不定式结构的句法功能 不定式结构在句中可以作主语，宾语，补语，表语，定语和状语。 ⑴As the subject: eg.To give good service is our duty. eg.To clean the room once a week is necessary. eg.To develop agriculture is very important. eg.To meet you is a great pleasure. 不定式作主语通常的用法是在主语的位置上放个“it”, 而把作主语的不定式结构后置。因此，以上四个句子可以分别改为： It is our duty to give good service. It is necessary to clean the room once a week. It is very important to develop agriculture. It is a great pleasure to meet you. ⑵As the predictive: 不定式作表语有两种情况: ①主语和表语都是不定式 eg.To protect forests is to keep natural balance. eg. To promise too much is to promise nothing. ②主语通常是由hope, idea, job, plan, mistake, suggestion, wish, work等词充