Gene-Environment Interaction：基因-环境交互作用.pptVIP

* Mediation versus moderation If a variable mediates an effect, significant in the means model, ?M 0 significant increase in a, c or e when ?M is fixed to 0 If a variable moderates an effect ?X0, ?Y0, or ?Z 0 irrespective of ?M or any reduction in a, c or e. * Mediation versus moderation If a variable mediates an effect, significant in the means model, ?M 0 significant increase in a, c or e when ?M is fixed to 0 If a variable moderates an effect ?X0, ?Y0, or ?Z 0 irrespective of ?M or any reduction in a, c or e. * * * E x E interactions Twin 1 A C E Twin 2 A C E a+?XM1 c+?YM1 e+?ZM1 a+?XM2 c+?YM2 e+?ZM2 Twin 1 Twin 2 M m M m ‘Definition variables’ in Mx General definition: Definition variables are variables that may vary per subject and that are not dependent variables In Mx: The specific value of the def var for a specific individual is read into a matrix in Mx when analyzing the data of that particular individual ‘Definition variables’ in Mx create dynamic var/cov structure Common uses: To model changes in variance components as function of some variable (e.g., age, SES, etc) As covariates/effects on the means (e.g. age and sex) Classic Twin Model: Var (T) = a2 + c2 + e2 Moderation Model: Var (T) = (a + βXM)2 + (c + βYM)2 + (e + βZM)2 Purcell 2002, Twin Research Var (T) = (a + βXM)2 + (c + βYM)2 (e + βZM)2 Where M is the value of the moderator and Significance of βX indicates genetic moderation Significance of βY indicates common environmental moderation Significance of βZ indicates unique environmental moderation BM indicates a main effect of the moderator on the mean Additional Things to Consider Unstandardized versus standardized effects Additional Things to Consider ENVIRONMENT 1 ENVIRONMENT 2 ? Unstandardized Variance Standardized Variance Unstandardized Variance Standardized Variance Genetic 60 0.60 60 0.30 Common environmental 35 0.35 70 0.35 Unique environmental 5 0.05 70 0.35 T