Infections of the Central Nervous System：中枢神经系统感染性疾病.pptVIP

Infections of the Nervous System Human Nervous System The Nervous System is composed of two main parts: Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Fluid is present in the meninges and also circulates through the ventricles of the brain. This Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) is normally sterile Meningitis (bacterial) Cause - there are several species of bacteria that cause meningitis including Escherichia coli, other Enterobacteriaceae and streptococci (leading causes in newborns), Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus (leading causes in adults), Hemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis (leading causes in preschool age children), and N. meningitidis and S. pneumoniae (leading causes in youth and young adults. It is a life-threatening condition. Mortality of meningococcal meningitis is 1% with the best treatment, but 15% with delayed treatment and 85% with no treatment. Death can occur in 12-18 hours if treatment is delayed. The mortality rate for pneumococcal meningitis is 40%. Another bacterium that sometimes causes outbreaks of meningitis is Listeria monocytogenes. Most cases of meningitis occur in children under five. This disease is very serious and can be rapidly fatal (esp. meningococcal meningitis). Symptoms include severe headache, fever, and intense pain of the neck and back. A petechial rash can occur with meningococcal meningitis. The disease causes tissue necrosis, blood clotting, edema of the brain, decreased spinal fluid, flow and impaired function. Dx - culture and isolation and Gram Stains of CSF Tx – antibiotics without delay Prevention - there are vaccines for some of the bacteria or some strains of some species. For meningococcal meningitis, prophylactic antibiotics are administered to contacts. 2 deaths close Oklahoma schools early Meningitis kills two students at Oolagah-Talala; four students remain hospitalized OOLOGAH - Two children died Thursday and four Oologah-Talala elementary school studen