计算机视觉课件10.ppt

Course 10 Shading * * Course 10 Shading 1. Basic Concepts: Light Source: Radiance: the light energy radiated from a unit area of light source (or surface) in a unit solid angle. Solid angle: If light source is a point source, the “ unit area” is omitted in above definition. Illumination: light energy radiated or received on a unit area of surface. For a point light source, where is the radiance of light source in the direction ; is due to the foreshorten of effective area of the surface patch in the radiation direction. Surface: Bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF): BRDF of a surface is the ratio of energy radiated from a surface patch in some direction to the energy arriving at the surface from some direction. Where --- incident angle; --- emitting angle Radiance (reflectance) : The is the brightness of an object surface that you look at. Imaging : Assume that the irradiance at a point (X,Y) of an image plane is equal to the radiance from a corresponding surface patch, i.e., E(X,Y) = L(x,y,z) = This indicates that the terms of brightness, intensity and gray-level will have the same meaning as irradiance for an image. Note: radiance ----- out-going energy irradiance ----- in-going energy 2. Surface Reflectance 1)? Lambertain surface (Diffuse surface) in micro: rough in macro: smooth Def. Lambertain surface is a kind of surface that reflects incident light equally in all directions regardless the direction of incident light. A Lambertain surface is assumed not to absorb any incident illumination. where I0 ----- illumination of incident light. ----- incident angle to surface. Remark: For a Lambertain surface, its brightness percieved by a viewer do not relate to the position of the viewer. But the brightness is strongly related to the direction from which