光的衍射和光谱学.pptVIP

Overview *Derivations in Appendix Last Lecture: General properties of N-Slit Interference Act 1 Light interfering from 10 equally spaced slits initially illuminates a screen. Now we double the number of slits, keeping the spacing constant. What happens to the net power I on the screen? a. stays same (I) b. doubles (2I) c. increases x4 (4I) Act 1 Light interfering from 10 equally spaced slits initially illuminates a screen. Now we double the number of slits, keeping the spacing constant. What happens to the net power on the screen? a. stays the same b. doubles c. increases by 4 N-Slit Interference – Summary(see Appendix for derivation) The Intensity for N equally spaced slits is given by: Note:The simple calculations we have done only hold in the “far-field” (a.k.a. “Fraunhofer” limit), where L d2/?.Intermediate cases (“Fresnel diffraction”) can be much more complex… Spectroscopy Demonstration We have set up some discharge tubes with various gases. Notice that the colors of the various discharges are quite different. In fact the light emitted from the highly excited gases is composed of many “discrete wavelengths.” You can see this with the plastic “grating” we supplied. Diffraction Gratings (1) Diffraction gratings rely on N-slit interference. They simply consist of a large number of evenly spaced parallel slits. Recall that the intensity pattern produced by light of wavelength l passing through N slits with spacing d is given by: Diffraction Gratings (2) How effective are diffraction gratings at resolving light of different wavelengths (i.e. separating closely-spaced ‘spectral lines’)? Concrete example: Na lamp has a spectrum with two yellow “lines” very close together: l1 = 589.0 nm, l2 = 589.6 nm (Dl = 0.6 nm) Are these two lines distinguishable using a particular grating? Diffraction Gratings (3) Diffraction Gratings (4) Example: Diffraction Gratings Angular splitting of the Sodium doublet: Consider the two closely spaced spectral (yel