水平井开发技术的成本和效益分析.docVIP

水平井开发技术的成本与效益分析 Cost/Benefits of Horizontal Wells S.D.Joshi,SPE,Joshi Technologies International,Inc. Abstract This is asummary of state of the art horizontal well technology and areview of the economic benefits of horizontal wells.The paper describes various reservoir applications of horizontal wells from primary recovery to EOR applications.The paper includes field examples of different applications. Although horizontal wells have been drilled as early as 1927,the major thrust of drilling horizontal wells started in 1980.Initial wells were short length wells(about 250 ft.long wells).In 1985,the first medium radius horizontal well was drilled using adown-hole mud motor.Since then,using horizontal wells has become acommon practice.Today,the medium radius drilling technique is the most commonly used drilling method. In the U.S.,the majority of applications are in low permeability,naturally fractured,carbonate reservoirs.However,in California,Alaska and Gulf of Mexico most of the wells are drilled in clastic reservoirs.Similarly,outside the U.S.,most of the horizontal wells are drilled in clastic reservoirs. Horizontal wells have been used to produce thin zones,fractured reservoirs,formations with water and gas coning problems,waterflooding,heavy oil reservoirs,gas reservoirs,and in EOR methods such as thermal and CO2 flooding.The paper includes field examples with cost benefit analysis for various applications. 选自SPE83621：水平井开发技术的成本与效益分析(S.D.Joshi等) 摘要： 这是一篇关于水平井开发技术现状总结和经济效益回顾的文章。这篇文章描述了水平井在各种油藏中的应用，从最初的提高采收率到EOR应用。这篇文章同时也包含了不同应用下的矿场实例。 尽管水平井最早起源于1927年，但是其大规模的应用却是从1980年开始的。最初的水平井是长度较短的(大约250英尺)。在1985年，第一口的中半径水平井采用井下泥浆马达技术钻成。从那以后，水平井的应用变的十分普遍。现在，中半径水平井钻井技术是最常用的水平井钻井技术。 在美国，大多数的水平井应用于低渗透油藏、天然裂缝油藏、碳酸盐油藏。然而，在加利福尼亚、阿拉斯加以及墨西哥湾大多数的水平井用于常规油藏的开发。同样，在全球范围内，水平井也主要用于常规油藏的开发。 水平井的开发一直以来主要用于薄油层、裂缝性油藏以及有底水锥进和气体锥进的储层，水淹层、重质油藏、气藏、以及提高采收率的热力采油和CO2驱等。本文同时列举了包含成本和效益分析的各种油藏应用下的水平井开发实例。 introduction Some of the early horizontal well efforts date back to 1930.After World War II,with the a