抗微生物药物（英文PPT）Antimicrobial_1.ppt

Antimicrobial Agents Martin Votava Olga Kroftová Overview If bacteria make it past our immune system and start reproducing inside our bodies, they cause disease. Certain bacteria produce chemicals that damage or disable parts of our bodies. Antibiotics work to kill bacteria.Antibiotics are specific to certain bacteria and disrupt their function. What is an Antibiotic? An antibiotic is a selective poison. It has been chosen so that it will kill the desired bacteria, but not the cells in your body. Each different type of antibiotic affects different bacteria in different ways. For example, an antibiotic might inhibit a bacterias ability to turn glucose into energy, or the bacterias ability to construct its cell wall. Therefore the bacteria dies instead of reproducing. Antibiotics Substances produced by various species of microorganisms: bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes- to suppress the growth of other microorganisms and to destroy them. Today the term ATB extends to include synthetic antibacterial agents: sulfonamides and quinolones. History The German chemist Paul Ehrlich developed the idea of selective toxicity: that certain chemicals that would be toxic to some organisms, e.g., infectious bacteria, would be harmless to other organisms, e.g., humans. In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming, a Scottish biologist, observed that Penicillium notatum, a common mold, had destroyed staphylococcus bacteria in culture. Sir Alexander Fleming Fleming’s Petri Dish Zone of Inhibition Around the fungal colony is a clear zone where no bacteria are growing Zone of inhibition due to the diffusion of a substance with antibiotic properties from the fungus History Penicillin was isolated in 1939, and in 1944 Selman Waksman and Albert Schatz, American microbiologists, isolated streptomycin and a number of other antibiotics from Streptomyces griseus. Susceptibility vs. Resistanceof microorganisms to Antimicrobial Agents Success of therapeutic outcome depends on: Achieving concentration