住宅与办公场所卫生2PPT.ppt

Ranking of health risks caused by IAQ factors SVOC (PCP, PCB) VOC (incl. Fragrances) Bioaerosols: Moisture and Moulds MVOC Radon Smoking and ETS Cooking under inadequate conditions HVAC systems (room climate) Allergens (e.g. mites) Phthalates, Flame retardants Noise Major sources of noise indoors - industrial noise - living noise - traffic noise Noise: a public health problem Adverse effects of noise exposure hearing impairment and hearing loss annoyance sleep disturbance stress related health effects effects on performance speech interference other effects 噪声的危害： 影响休息和睡眠； 影响生活质量和工作效率。 40dB（A）的噪声环境一般对生活和工作影响并不大， 70dB（A）的噪声干扰谈话、造成精神不集中、心烦意 乱、影响学习和工作效率等； 对健康的影响。 ① 特异性危害：对听觉系统的损伤作用。 ② 非特异性危害：噪声作用于机体各个方面，引起听 觉以外的反应。 室内允许噪声标准 dB（A） Standard of noise indoors dB (A) high rule normal rule Bedroom day ≤40 ≤45 night ≤30 ≤35 Living room day ≤45 ≤50 night ≤35 ≤40 Adverse effects of electromagnetism radiation reproductive and teratogenic effects hematopoietic (造血的), immune system, and endocrine effects neurologic and behavioral effects carcinogenic effects Air pollutants responsible for health effects Indoor Bioaerosols (and allergens) Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) Microbiological volatile organic compounds (MVOC) Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOV) (i.e. PCB, phthalates, pesticides) (Very) Volatile organic compounds [(V)VOC] Radon particles CO and CO2 fragrances Flame retardants Outdoor Chemical pollutant Biologic pollutant Physical pollution Combustion products - Cold mountainous area in China (fluorosis area) - Combustion of higher fluoride-content coal - Behindhand burning way - Higher concentration of fluorine in indoor air and in stored food (corn, chilies and potatoes) 含高氟的劣质煤 Endemic fluorosis Harmful effect: dental fluorosis (氟斑牙） osteosclerosis（骨硬化） Combustion products 含高砷的劣质煤 Endemic arsenic