大学化学课件5对流层大气化学反应及光化学烟雾英文精编整理.ppt

Section 5 Chemical reaction in troposphere Assort of atmospheric constituents (1) Semi-permanence gas, such as N2, Ar, Ne, Kr, Xe (2) Alterable constituents, such as CO2, CH4, H2, N2O, O3, O2 (3) Intensive alterable constituents, such as H2O, CO, NO, NH3, SO2, HC, H2S. According to life time, atmospheric constituents are divided into three assorts. Clean atmospheric constituents in troposphere is shown in talbe1. Carbon dioxide has been increasing in concentration during this century, mostly through the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum products. Trace constituents may vary in concentration in different parts of the atmosphere and in different parts of the globe. 2. Gaseous constituents of the atmosphere 3. Source and collection of atmospheric constituents and gaseous circulation The substance exchange or transform of atmospheric constituents, among atmosphere, aquatic sphere, soil sphere, and biological sphere, are carried out continuously. This is called gaseous circulation. The process to produce gases is called source of gases. It includes chemical process, biological activity, volcano, and fossil fuels combustion. The process to remove gases is called collection of gases. It includes chemical process, biological activity, and physical process. 4. Important light absorption substances 4.1 light absorption characteristic of NO2 NO2＋hγ(λ≤420nm)→NO＋O（3P） O（3P）+O2+M→O3 Photolysis NO2 of is only artificial source of O3 in troposphere. 入＜380nm φNO≈1 入=405nm φNO≈0.36 入420nm φNO≈0 4.2 Photolytic reaction of O3, HNO2, and H2O2 O3 +hγ(λ≤320nm)→O(1D)+O2 O(1D)＋ H2O→2OH HONO＋hγ(λ＜400nm)→OH＋NO H2O2 ＋hγ(λ＜360nm)→OH＋OH 4.3 Photolytic reaction of HCHO and CH3CHO HCHO＋hγ→ H＋ HCO H＋O2＋M→HO2 HCO+O2→HO2+CO CH3CHO＋hγ→ CH3＋ HCO CH3＋O2＋M→CH3O2 HCO+O2→HO2+CO formaldehyde acetaldehyde O3 +hγ(λ≤320nm)→O(1D)+O2 O(1D)＋ H2O→2OH In pollution atmosphere, the following photochemical reaction is mor