The Digestive System - Higley Unified School District：消化系统- Higley学区.ppt

The Digestive System The Digestive System Section 1 What You Will Learn Compare mechanical digestion with chemical digestion. Describe the parts and functions of the digestive system. The Digestive System It’s your last class before lunch, and you’re starving! Finally, the bell rings, and you get to eat! You feel hungry because your brain receives signals that your cells need energy. But eating is only the beginning of the story. Your body must change a meal into substances that you can use. Your digestive system, shown in Figure 1, is a group of organs that work together to digest food so that it can be used by the body. Figure 1 The Digestive System  The Digestive System Digestive System at a Glance The most obvious part of your digestive system is a series of tubelike organs called the digestive tract. Food passes through the digestive tract. The digestive tract includes your mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. The human digestive tract can be more than 9 m long! The liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and salivary glands are also part of the digestive system. But food does not pass through these organs.? The Digestive System Breaking Down Food Digestion is the process of breaking down food, such as a peanut butter and jelly sandwich, into a form that can pass from the digestive tract into the bloodstream. There are two types of digestion—mechanical and chemical. The breaking, crushing, and mashing of food is called mechanical digestion. In chemical digestion, large molecules are broken down into nutrients. Nutrients are substances in food that the body needs for normal growth, maintenance, and repair. The Digestive System Three major types of nutrients—carbohydrates, proteins, and fats—make up most of the food you eat. In fact, a peanut butter and jelly sandwich contains all three of these nutrients. Substances called enzymes break some nutrients into smaller particles that the body can use. For example, proteins ar