X-ray Beam Composition and CollimationX射线束的组成和准直.ppt

Beam Restriction It is up to each radiographer to limit the x-ray beam field size to the anatomic area of interest. Beam restriction serves two purposes: limiting patient exposure and reducing the amount of scatter radiation produced within the patient Collimation and Scatter Radiation As collimation increases, the field size decreases and the quantity of scatter radiation decreases; as collimation decreases, the field size increases and the quantity of scatter radiation increases. Collimators The most sophisticated, useful, and accepted beam-restricting device is the collimator. Collimators are considered the best beam-restricting device. A collimator has two or three sets of lead shutters. Located immediately below the tube window, the entrance shutters limit the x-ray beam much as the aperture diaphragm does. One or more sets of adjustable lead shutters are located 3 to 7 inches (8 ? 18 cm) below the tube. These shutters consist of longitudinal and lateral leaves or blades, each with its own control. This makes the collimator adjustable in that it can produce projected fields of varying sizes. The field shape produced by a collimator is always rectangular or square. Automatic Collimators An automatic collimator, also called a positive beam-limiting (PBL) device, automatically limits the size and shape of the primary beam to the size and shape of the IR. For a number of years, automatic collimators were required by U.S. federal law on all new radiographic installations. This law has since been rescinded, and automatic collimators are no longer a requirement on any radiographic equipment. However, they are still widely used. Automatic collimators mechanically adjust the primary beam size and shape to that of the IR when the IR is placed in the Bucky tray, just below the tabletop. Automatic collimation makes it difficult for the radiographer to increase the size of the primary beam to a field larger than the IR, which would result in increasing the patients radi