呼吸系统解剖学-李静PPT.ppt

The Respiratory System I LI JING， Ph D Department of Anatomy jing.li@ion.ac.cn Sep. 15. 2009 Constituents: Respiratory tract Lungs General Description Function: Gas exchange Pleura and plural cavity Mediastinum Upper respiratory tract Nasal passage Pharynx Larynx Respiratory tract Lower respiratory tract Trachea Bronchi 1. External nose Nasal passage 2. Nasal cavity nasal vestibule (鼻前庭） proper nasal cavity (固有鼻腔） nasal septum （鼻中隔） lateral wall of nasal cavity 3. Paranasal Sinuses frontal sinus （额窦） ethmoidal sinus （筛窦） sphenoidal sinus （蝶窦） maxillary sinus （上颌窦） 2. Nasal cavity 鼻后孔 鼻前庭 鼻中隔 Nasal limen 鼻阈 鼻咽 Lateral wall Septum 固有鼻腔 固有鼻腔 The nasal septum （鼻中隔） The longitudinal plate of ethmoid bone The cartilage of nasal septum The vomer 筛骨垂直板 鼻中隔软骨 犁骨 2. Nasal cavity Little region 2. Nasal cavity Lateral wall Nasal conchae (鼻甲) Nasal meatus (鼻道) Sphenoethmoidal recess (蝶筛隐窝) 蝶筛隐窝 上鼻甲 中鼻甲 下鼻甲 下鼻道 中鼻道 上鼻道 2. Nasal cavity Lateral wall 1. Semilunar hiatus 半月裂孔 2. Ethmoidal infundibulum 筛漏斗 3. Ethmoidal bulla 筛泡 4. Nasolacrimal canal 鼻泪管 3. Paranasal Sinuses frontal sinus （额窦） ethmoidal sinus （筛窦） sphenoidal sinus （蝶窦） maxillary sinus （上颌窦） 额窦 额窦 额窦 筛窦 蝶窦 上颌窦 上颌窦 筛窦 The openings of the paranasal sinuses frontal frontal ethmodial sphenoidal maxillary 3. Paranasal Sinuses The biological roles of the paranasal sinuses Decreasing the relative weight of the front of the skull Increasing resonance of the voice Providing a buffer against blows to the face Insulating sensitive structures like dental roots and eyes from rapid temperature fluctuations in the nasal cavity. Humidifying and heating of inhaled air Olfactory and respiratory region Nasal mucous membrane: olfactory region respiratory region Position: at the anterior part of the neck from 3~6 cervical vertebrae. Functions: respiration and phonation Larynx Larynx