复旦大学 2013现代生物学基础与前言i【课件全】9203362.ppt

Figure 13-2 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) Vesicle fission and fusion Exocytosis Figure 13-68 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) Mast Cell Exocytosis: histamine release Neuron Synaptic Transmission Protein incorporation to the plasma membrane What happens at the PM? Vesicle docking and fusion How do lipid bilayers mix with each other? SNAREpin The SNARE complex generated by the pairing of a cognate v- and t-SNARE is a very stable four-helix bundle, with one a-helix contributed by the monomeric v-SNARE and the other three a-helices contributed by the oligomeric t-SNARE. SNARE Proteins Sutton, et al, 1998, modified Sutton et al., (1998) NATURE Four-helix-bundle structure Sutton et al., (1998) NATURE The Ionic 0 layer of the SNARE complex. The “3Q:1R” Rule The positively charged arginine residue “R” (often from v-SNARE) interact with the three glutamine residues “Q” (often from t-SNAREs). The flanking leucine-zipper layers act as a water-tight seal to shield the ionic interactions from the surrounding solvent. Sutton et al., (1998) NATURE SNARE Assembly and Toxins Four-helix-bundle structure Fusion is energetically unfavorable process. Energy which is freed when SNARE helices are wrapped around each other is used to overcome this energy barrier. FUSION SNARE-mediated Membrane Fusion Trans-SNARE complexes become cis-SNARE complexes after fusion. Separation and reactivation of SNAREs requires energy and assistance of other proteins. NSF ATPase catalyzes this process. NSF-mediated “priming” of SNAREs during homo-typical fusion (i.e. endosomal fusions) Membrane Fusion(in a general sense) -Membrane traffic -Viral entry -Muscle cell fusion -Sperm-egg interaction …… t-SNARE Activation Vesicle Tethering -Rabs -Tethering proteins Target Membrane Recognition Membrane Traffic in Eukaryotic Cells--an Overview Nucleus RECOGNITION SANREs in Various Membrane Traffic Stages Vesicle Tethering -Rabs -Tethering proteins Table 13-1 M