南北朝时期汉语词汇南北差异研究.docVIP

南北朝时期汉语词汇南北差异研究 　　关键词：《魏书》；《宋书》；任职语义场；南北朝词汇 　　摘要：成书于南北朝时期的《魏书》、《宋书》的写作语言分别为当时的北方通语和南方通语。对二书进行比较发现：二书任职语义场成员与其他词语的组合方式主要有“动词+官职名称”、“动词+地名”等，没有明显的地域差异；但二书任职语义场除了共同的成员“为”、“历”、“作”、“参”、“解褐”、“兼”、“领”、“行”、“录”、“摄”、“带”、“假”、“署”之外，《魏书》还使用“典”、“位”，说明其主要通行于南北朝时期的北方地区，在《宋书》中使用而在《魏书》中罕见的“临”、“……行事”，主要通行于南方地区，这就明显反映出汉语词汇的南北差异；二书都使用具备新兴义的“历”、“带”，可见北朝汉语的趋新程度并不逊于南朝。 　　中图分类号：H131 　　文献标志码：A文章??号：1009－4474(2012)04－0015－07 　　Chinese Lexical Differences between the North and South in the North and South Dynasties 　　——A Case Study on the Position-awarding Semantic Fields of Weishu and Songshu 　　LI Li 　　(College of Humanity and Law, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China) 　　Key words: Weishu； Songshu； position-awarding semantic field； vocabulary in the Nonth and South Dynasties 　　Abstract: Weishu and Songshu are historical works written in the North and South Dynasties representing the common language used at that time respectively. By comparing the semantic fields of position-awarding terms and with reference to contemporary documents, we found that the two works mainly employ the structural patterns of “verb + position name” and “verb + place name” for the position-awarding semantic field members, and no obvious regional differences are discovered. As for the semantic field members themselves, however, there exist conspicuous differences. Besides the use of “wei” ,“li” ,“zuo” ,“can”, “jiehe”, “jian”, “ling”, “xing”, “lu”, “she” ,“dai”, “jia” and “shu” in the common members of the two semantic fields, “dian” and “wei” are used in Weishu indicating their common employment in the North. Yet “lin” and “…xingshi” used in Songshu rarely appear in Weishu, which indicates that their popularity in the South. Moreover, both works adopted semantically new characters “li” and “dai”, which suggests the tendency towards new vocabulary in the North Dynasty is as great as that in the South Dynasty. 　　南北朝时期，汉语词汇存在着南北差异是客观存在的事实，揭示这些差异也就成为汉语史研究的重大课题之一。对此前修时彦做了很多有益的探索，如