《Fundamentals of Physics精品教学-华南理工》38 Photons and Matter Waves.pptVIP

38 Photons and Matter Waves 38-1 A New Direction The ordinary world – classical physics Two scientific revolutions The high speed world – theory of relativity The subatomic world – quantum physics Quantum physics (quantum mechanics) the study of the microscopic (subatomic) world. Many scientists contributed to it for almost thirty years to open it up. 38 Photons and Matter Waves The second cloud 38-2 The Photon, the Quantum of Light Thermal Radiation: emission of electromagnetic waves from all matter when temperature greater than absolute zero (Kirchhoffs law). A black body is an idealized body that absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation. Blackbody radiation cannot explained. PUZZLE!!! Blackbody radiation is quantized 1900 Max Planck in 1918 Continuous Value and Discrete Value 38 Photons and Matter Waves violin guitar flute piano 38-2 The Photon, the Quantum of Light 38 Photons and Matter Waves Photon absorption or emission occurs on atoms. Light is quantized photon 38-2 The Photon, the Quantum of Light 38-3 The Photoelectric Effect Photoelectric effect Photoelectron Photocurrent Stopping potential + - - 38-3 The Photoelectric Effect Kmax not depend on intensity Puzzle for classical physics Quantum explanation (1) Change the intensity Kmax hf 38-3 The Photoelectric Effect (2) Change the frequency Kmax is linear to f Cutoff frequency f0 Another puzzle ! ? ! Quantum explanation Kmax hf 38-3 The Photoelectric Effect Work function The Photoelectric Equation Kmax hf Applications of photoelectric effect 38-3 The Photoelectric Effect Applications of photoelectric effect 38-3 The Photoelectric Effect 38-4 Photons Have Momentum Linear momentum of a photon 38 Photons and Matter Waves Energy of a photon Compton’s experiment Compton shift varies with scattered angle ! ? Puzzle Quantum explanation – a collision between photon and loosely bound electron. Compton’s e