《Discrete Mathematics II教学-华南理工》6.1 Introduction to graph.pptVIP

* Networked or linked structures are ubiquitous. Examples range from the World Wide Web, large social networks such as the network of board of directors or the network of Hollywood actors, the distribution network of Wal-Mart, the power grid of the US, or even the neurological network of our brain. August 96 - Major power outage that affected the entire west coast of the US from Alaska to California for over 24 hours. This power outage was caused by a single transmission line, That was knowcked down by a tree. More interestingly, the accident Was detected right away and as standard procedure the load of the line Was transferred to the other lines of the set; but they were already overloaded And the extra overload caused the lines to heat up stretch. Well, this was a hot Summer, the trees had grown dramatically and a few lines were kncked down, Causing the domino effect that brought down the entire power grid of The west coast of the US. How did it happened? Key issues: How can we design more robust netwroks? How does disease spread in a ntewrokd of people Graphs that occur in many biological, social, and manmade systems Are often neither completely regular nor completely random – Instead they have a small world topology ? nodes are highly clustered And yet the path length between them is small * * * * * * Discrete Math II South China University of Technology 2015.9 Section 6.1 Introduction to Graphs Graphs are discrete structures consisting of vertices and edges that connect these vertices. Graph theory is an old subject with many modern applications. Its basic ideas were introduced in the eighteenth century by the great Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler. Introduction to Graphs In the beginning… The origin of graph theory can be traced back to Euler's work on the Konigsberg bridges problem (1735), which subsequently led to the concept of an Eulerian graph. 1736: Leonhard Euler Basel, 1707-St. Petersburg, 1786 He wrote A solutio