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CHAPTER 5
Computer Organization
Review Questions
1. The three subsystems are the CPU, the main memory, and the input/output sub-
system.
2. The CPU has an ALU, a control unit, and various kinds of registers.
3. The ALU performs arithmetic and logical operations.
4. The data registers hold data temporarily; instruction registers hold the instructions
that have been fetched from main memory; and the program counter is a register
that holds the address of the instruction currently being executed.
5. The control unit is responsible for controlling the operation of all of the other sub-
systems.
6. A byte is always a group of 8 bits, but the size of a word is machine-dependant. A
word can be 8, 16, 32, or 64 bits.
7. The function of main memory is to store the data and programs currently being
used by the user.
8. The approximation of a megabyte is based on powers of 10 (106 or 1,000,000
bytes). The actual size of a megabyte is based on powers of 2 (220 or 1,048,576
bytes).
9. Memory addresses are represented by unsigned integers.
10. RAM is random access memory and can be read from and written to by the user.
ROM is read only memory. The contents of ROM are written by the manufacturer
and cannot be overwritten by the user.
11. SRAM is static RAM that uses flip-flop gates to hold data. SRAM is fast but
expensive. DRAM is dynamic RAM that uses
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