国际法课件30.pptxVIP

三、群岛与群岛国的领海（一）群岛的概念及其领海的划定archipelago means a group of islands, including parts of islands, interconnecting waters and other natural features which are so closely interrelated that such islands, waters and other natural features form an intrinsic [intrinsik] geographical, economic and political entity, or which historically have been regarded as such. “群岛”是指一群岛屿,包括若干岛屿的若干部分、相连的水域或其他自然地形,彼此密切相关,以致这种岛屿、水域和其他自然地形在本质上构成一个地理、经济和政治的实体,或在历史上已被视为这种实体。群岛有沿海或近海群岛、远洋群岛和群岛国三类。 【爱文库】核心用户 By微0渺 上传沿海群岛如离大陆很近，例如我国的舟山群岛的大部分，可以用直基线法划入内水。领海从该领海基线量起。远洋群岛远离大陆，无法划入内水范围。远洋群岛如何划定领海，各国做法不一。有的各岛单独划定领海，也有以群岛整体划领海的。如无人提出异议，当然未尝不可。（二）群岛国和群岛基线群岛国与一般群岛情况不同，海洋法公约有特别的规定。 【爱文库】核心用户 By微0渺 上传所谓群岛国，是指整个国家由一个或若干个群岛组成的国家，并包括其他岛屿。“archipelagic State” means a State constituted wholly by one or more archipelagos and may include other islands群岛国有印度尼西亚、菲律宾、斐济、马尔代夫等。群岛国的领海如何划定在第三次海洋法会议上受到的重视，并作了特别的规定。群岛基线 Archipelagic baselines :An archipelagic State may draw straight archipelagic baselines joining the outermost points of the outermost islands of the archipelago provided that within such baselines are included the main islands and an area in which the ratio of the area of the water to the area of the land, including atolls, is between 1 to 1 and 9 to 1.群岛基线：是连接群岛国的群岛最外缘各岛和各干礁最外缘各点的直线基线。【爱文库】核心用户 By微0渺 上传【爱文库】核心用户 By微0渺 上传The length of such baselines shall not exceed 100 nautical miles, except that up to 3 percent of the total number of baselines enclosing any archipelago may exceed that length, up to a maximum length of 125 nautical miles. The breadth of the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf shall be measured from archipelagic baselines.【爱文库】核心用户 By微0渺 上传群岛国的领海基线从最外围的岛屿的若干点的连线为基线，称为群岛基线。但该基线必须：1、包括主要岛屿，其外形不能偏离岛屿的一般轮廓；2、两个基点之间的距离一般不得超过100海里的直线距离，允许基线总长度的3％突破100海里，但最长不超过125海里；3、基线以内的水域面积与陆地面积之比应在9:1－1:1之间。群岛国的领海从群岛基线量起。（三）群岛水域的法律地位和通过制度群岛水域是指群岛国按照《联合国海洋法公约》规定的方法划定的群岛基线所包围的水域，是一种具有特殊法律地位的海域。1、法律地位-Legal status of archipelagic waters： The sovereignty of an