吴虞伦理思想研讨.pdf

摘 要 吴虞是五四新文化运动时期与陈独秀并称的最先倡导道德改革的重要代表人物之 一。他激烈地反孔非儒，抨击束缚个人身心的封建“礼教”，以致被时人誉为“中国思 想界的清道夫”。 他抨击封建宗法制度，质疑封建家庭制度，对“孝”的认识超出了同时代的思想家。 他批判儒教对人性的束缚和压抑，主张人权平等，崇尚个性自由，鼓吹女子解放，以家 庭革命实现男女平权。他呼吁抛弃传统的节烈观，把女子权利写进法律，切实保护女子 权益。他以批判传统的伦理观为契机，初步构建了“生存主义”的文化观；他把中国传 统文化与西方先进的哲学社会科学思想进行“比较对勘”，并通过对两者的批判整合， 形成了自己“最合人生”的道德观。 吴虞“最合人生”的道德观，反映了他对社会和谐的美好向往。他希望改变那种 纷繁复杂、尔虞我诈的社会关系，构建一种和谐的社会新道德。在他看来，只要人们能 够基于内心真诚，去追求这种和谐关系，社会就会归于和平。 然而，吴虞对传统伦理观念的批判，还仅限于学理层面，也忽视了传统思想中的 合理成分，所持之论往往有失偏颇。值得注意的是，虽然他激烈批判封建家长制，主张 婚姻自由，但他在现实生活中却扮演了一个十足的封建家长角色。由于社会历史和吴虞 个人的认识水平的局限，他在构建其伦理思想的过程中，很难做到吐故纳新、别创新局。 吴虞构建的“最合人生”的道德理想，仅仅把自由、平等的现代思想导入老庄绝对 “萧然物外”的人生幻境。这也许是吴虞在经历了人世跌宕起伏后，最终选择以“遁世” 隐逸度过余生的比较贴切的理由。 关键词：吴虞 伦理思想 文化心态 III Abstract Wu Yu is the New Culture Movement and Chen Duxiu also said during the first advocate of moral reform, one of the important representatives 。 He vehemently anti-Confucianism of attacking the individual physical and psychological shackles of feudal ethical code, which is the time called the Chinese thought of the scavenger 。 He criticized the feudal patriarchal clan system and questioned the feudal family system 。 His filial piety is in contemporary thinkers beyond 。 He criticized of Confucianism binding and repression of human nature, advocated equality of human rights, respected for individual freedom, advocate womens liberation, and achieved gender equality through the revolution 。 He called for enshrining Womens rights in law 。 He criticized the traditional ethics as an opportunity to initially build a living doctrine of Culture; he compared to traditional Chinese culture and western philosophy and social science thinking, and formed his own most co-life ethic。 Wu Yus the most co-life ethic reflected his longing for the good of social harmony 。 He wanted to change the