单倍体细胞培养技术在禾草育种中的应用PPT.ppt

单倍体细胞培养技术在禾草育种中的应用 ; 单倍体细胞培养 主要用花药/小孢子/未受精子房在人工培养基上进行培养。可以直接发育成胚状体，然后长成单倍体植株；或者通过愈伤组织诱导分化出芽和根，最终长成植株。单倍体细胞培养在植物育种中已取得了很大成就。 ; 1964年，Guha 和 Maheshwari 将 曼陀罗的成熟花粉培养在适当的培养基上，发现花粉能转变成活跃的细胞分裂状态，从药室中长出胚状体，最终得到胚状体植株。使细胞全能性理论在生殖细胞水平上得到验证。 ;;;;;Advantages of Doubled Haploid Breeding ;;; In vitro methods: Anther culture (androgenesis) - production of haploid plants from microspores Anther culture for production of haploids reported in about 250 species Solanaceae, Cruciferae, Gramineae, most common Ovule culture (gynogenesis) production of haploid plants from unfertilized egg cell;Factors influencing androgenesis;Wheat anther culture;;Production of embryos (calli) and regenerated plants from anther culture of different timothy genotypes. ____________________________________________________________________________________ Genotype Em/100 anthers+SD* Albino plants Green plants Source (Total) (Total) ____________________________________________________________________________________ Adda 870 +121 600 150 Iceland K?mpe II 610 +207 many 11 Sweden Saga 420 +55 26 0 Sweden 57A29 390 +65 36 0 Finland V?ti 7701 250 +40 110 4 Norway V?ti 7702 200 +45 56 0 Norway Sv? 0918 170 +41 90 4 Sweden Grinstadt 140 +39 many 29 Norway Alma 86 +29 20 86 Finland Iki 75 +26 24 8 Finland Bodin 26 +11 45 0 Norway Sv? 0896 17 +12 12 0 Sweden Topas 5 +3 27 0 Holland HJA80102 21 +9 many 3 Finland HJA1341 2 +2 many 1 Finland 120B8 15 +6 many 10 Finland ____________________________________________________________________________________ * SD: standard deviation. ;Ploidy level of the regenerated timothy plants cv. Adda. ____________________________________________________________ Samples Number of dihaploids Number of haploids (2n=6X=42) (n=3X=21) ______________________________________________________ 41 24 (58.5%) 14