《企业战略的讲义13.pptVIP

Resource Allocation Gannt chart As well as plotting time to be taken, Gannt charts can be used to estimate the amounts of resources required for a project. Channt chart showing floats Channt chart showing floats Cost scheduling Costs can be scheduled, in exactly the same way as labour requirements: Draw a bar chart for the project; Estimate the cost估计成本 of each activity; Divide by用…除 the duration of the activity to get the cost of the activity per week(or other appropriate适当的 time unit); Work out the cost of all activities going on in a given week: ie a total cost per week of the project; For ease of cash flow, the project manager need to restrict cash outflows in any week. Flexible planning Allowing for delays延迟 Activities which are not on the critical path are non-critical, and can, within limits, start later and/or take longer, without holding up the completion time of the project as a whole. This slack time is called the activity’s float业务浮动. It allows unexpected意外的 delays to be absorbed and resources to be diverted, to avoid the late start of critical activities. Programme Evaluation and Review Technique(PERT)评审技术 Definiton: PERT recognises that the activity duration in the network are in fact uncertain. Instead of one estimate of each activity time, three estimates are used: The most likely duration of the activity, given that what is known about it (which we will call m)项目最有可能的 The most optimistic (shortest) estimate, assuming that all goes well (0)最乐观的,最短时间 The most pessimistic (longest) estimate, assuming that things that are likely to go wrong will go wrong (p)最悲观的 The mean (middle) estimate which takes into account考虑 the small chance that things will go entirely well or entirely badly. o + 4m + p The meat time = –––––––––––––––––––– 6 Example The mean times for each activity are as following * A B C D E F