大学计算机基础复习资-双语教学英文版.docVIP

计算机复习资料最终定稿版 Ji suan ji fu xi zi liao zui zhong ding gao ban 1.key words of Definition for computer: instructions,input,processes ,output A computer is an electronic device which operates under the control of stored instructions accepts data input processes the data according to specified rules produces and stores output 1、A computer’s power is derived from Speed Reliability Accuracy Storage Communications 2、Data: The symbols that represent people, events, things, and ideas. Consists of the raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds. 3、Information ：Data becomes information when it is presented in a format that people can understand and use . 4．information processing cycle：.input, process, output, and storage 5．Computing Technology (R)Evolution four generations Vacuum Tube （电子管）Age ，Transistor Age（晶体管） ，Integrated Circuit （集成电路）Age ，Large-scale Integration(大规模集成化) Age 6.分类：Supercomputers (巨型计算机) fastest, most powerful, most expensive Mainframe computers（大型机）provide great processing speeds and data storage. Minicomputers （小型机） Microcomputers（微机）即 personal computer or PCleast powerful, but the most widely used. 7. Information can be represented in one of two ways Analog data（模拟） A continuous representation，analogous（相似） to the actual information Digital data A discrete representation 8. 1 Byte=8 bits，B, KB, MB, GB, TB): 9. Binary（Base 2）Octal（8）Decimal（Base 10） Hexadecimal（16）0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F 10.distinguish number system (1) Subscript(下标) (101)2 (101) 8 （2）Postfix（后缀）101B 101O 101D 101H 11. Converting number Non-Decimal to Decimal Decimal to Non-Decimal 10—2 integer整数（1）短除法（2）从高位到低位逆用2—10思想 Fraction小数 Non-Decimal to Non-Decimal 2—8 (10 111 011.110 1)2 = (273.64)8 8—2 (6754.32)8 = (110 111 101 100. 011)2 16—2 （A7B8.C9）16=(1010 0111 1011 1000 .1100 1001) ？？12. Binary Arithmetic 12．original code –(2n–1–1) ~ (2n–1–1) Total number is2n–