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Thedevelopmentofmanagement(新)
“The development of management”
Introduction:
The Industrial Revolution separated us from the pre-modern era. After the dramatic change crossed the Atlantic to other parts of the world, it brought about the development of large organizations, so the theory for coping with the problems arose in running the organizations was needed. In consequence, there were theories stemmed from different times and focused on distinct aspects regarding management. However, two approaches, which are called the classical perspective and the human relations perspective, are the significant sector of management. Furthermore, they described different portion of management and both had great influences on the development of management.
The Classical Perspective:
The theory of classical perspective developed about the end of the nineteenth century. In order to manage organizations more efficient, a group of innovators sought to the general principles as the theoretical foundation for management. Additionally, the classical perspective approach can be divided into three subcategories: scientific management, bureaucracy and administrative principles.
Scientific management
The theory stressed on operations and on treating individuals as machines. For the sake of describing the system, several pioneers struggled to carry out a rational approach as followings:
1) Frederick W. Taylor: “Father of Scientific Management”
Taylor created a clear guideline for improving production efficiency by using scientific techniques, which was called Taylorism. He advocated four principles of management which could be briefly described as followings: to discover the most efficient techniques of performing for each specific work factors to train, teach and develop the matching workers, and to ensure that they adopt the scientific methods to perform the task with a pay system that provides a reward for performance. Meanwhile, the work and responsibility needed to be reasonably distributed between the managers and
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