数学分析中一类递推数列的单性与极限 毕业论文.doc

数学分析中一类递推数列的单调性与极限 摘 要: 数列是高中代数的重点之一,也是高考的考查重点,在近十年高考试题中占有较大的比重。这些试题不仅考查数列,等差数列和等比数列,数列极限的基础知识、基本技能、基本思想和方法,以及数学归纳法这一基本方法,而且有效地测试逻辑推理能力、运算能力,以及运用有关的知识和方法,分析问题和解决问题的能力。同样数列在高等数学中也有很重要的地位，它是后续学习一系列相关定理的基础。本文从一类递推数列入手,对其递推公式进行分析,进而研究一类递推数列的单调性与收敛性问题,同时也推广与包含了近期一些文献中的结果。 关键词： 递推数列；单调性；不动点；收敛 。 The Limits and Monotonicity of a Recursive Sequence in Mathematical Analysis Zhang Rong-quan (Department of Mathematics and Statistics,Anhui Normal University,Wuhui,Anhui ,241000,China) Abstract: The sequence is the focus of the high school algebra is one of the college entrance examination examination of key, in recent ten years in high have a large proportion of the examination. These questions not only examines the sequence, each digit and compares the sequence, the foundation of the sequence limit knowledge, basic skills, basic thoughts and methods, as well as the basic mathematical induction method, and effectively test logical reasoning ability, operation ability, and the use of relevant knowledge and methods, the ability to analyze and solve problems. The same sequence in the higher mathematics is very important in the position, it is the follow-up study a series of related theorem foundation。This article from some recursion sequence of recursive formula, the analysis and study, some recursion sequence monotonicity and convergence problem, also contain some recent promotion and documents of the results。 Key words: recursive sequence ; monotonicity; fixed point; convergence. 1 引言 在近期的一些文献中,讨论了形如 （） 的递推数列的极限问题[1-7],这类数列的极限问题经常出现在研究生入学试题与大学数学考试试题中,在高等数学中占有重要的地位. 研究结果表明,这类递推数列极限的存在性与求法往往与它的迭代函数的不动点相关联,该递推数列的迭代函数为 , 注意到 不变号,它启发我们从迭代函数的不动点与导函数的不变号两方面考虑这类问题. 本文将给出联系迭代函数的不动点与导函数的几个实用命题,把现行文献[1-7]中的相关结论进行拓广,通过这些命题使我们可以统一处理有关例子,揭示这类试题的背景与思想方法. 命题与证明 定义1[1]　对于函数,若数列满足,,,则数列称为递推数列,称为数列的迭代函数,称为初始值. 命题1[1]设函数在上连续,在上可导,且,, .设,则递推数列（）收敛. 证明 只需证明数列单调有界,可用归纳法证之. 1ο当时,由于,,因此 , 又,所以 , 而,故有 , 从而结论成立. 2ο假设当时,结论成立,即 . 当时,由于,则有 , 即得 ,也即, 从而当时,结论成立. 故命题1得证. 命题 2[1]设函数在上连续,在上可导,且,, .设,则